The methods of investigative science and creative science are closely related.  The fields of investigative science observe the scientific process (e.g., hypothesis formulation, experimentation, measurement, analysis) for the production of reliable knowledge of real-world phenomena.  Similarly, the disciplines of engineering observe the steps of the problem-solving method for the creation and optimization of tools. (See reference text, Chapter Seven and Appendices E and F).    

The problem solving method that is practiced by the disciplines of engineering includes the following steps, all of which refer to relevant knowledge data bases:

• Problem definition, prioritization, and analysis
• Definition of the problem-solving objective
• “Brainstorming” and selection of an idea for a solution that will achieve the desired objective
• Formulation of a model of the solution – includes consideration of internal and external constraints such as costs, risks, and side effects
• Testing / simulation of the model to assess and predict solution performance
• Fabrication and testing of prototype solution
• Implementation of solution
• Follow up evaluation of solution performance
• Optimization of the solution

The strength of engineering lies in its ability to create accurate models (e.g., "blueprints," mathematical and computer representations, scaled replicas...) of solutions and their environments.  Models enable engineers to simulate the performance of solutions and adjust design parameters so that optimum operating conditions can be achieved.  In particular, models enable engineers to predict the performance of solutions with a high degree of accuracy, thus minimizing the risk of failure and the cost of future redesign efforts. 

The engineering discipline of laws thus promises to make substantial improvements in the design and the performance of the laws of government because the present method of lawmaking is devoid of the methodologies and principles of engineering.  Click here to learn more about the defects and inadequacies of the traditional method of lawmaking. 

The ultimate engineering objective is to create laws that approximate the ideal law, thereby optimally serving the purpose of democracy.